Māori customs (tikanga Māori)

Tikanga Māori are traditional customs and protocols that guide behavior, social interactions, and ceremonies within Māori culture. They emphasize respect for people, places, and the environment, and often involve specific rituals such as pōwhiri (welcome ceremonies), just like a formal greeting. These customs include acts of connection like hongi (pressing noses) to symbolize unity, and principles of mana (prestige) and tapu (sacredness). Tikanga ensure that cultural values are upheld, fostering integrity, belonging, and reverence for ancestors, land, and community, especially during important events like pōwhiri, hangi (feast), and karakia (prayers).