Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod's doctrine of the two kingdoms

The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod’s doctrine of the two kingdoms teaches that God's authority is exercised in two distinct ways: the spiritual kingdom, where He governs believers through His Word and salvation, and the earthly or civil kingdom, where He maintains order through laws and governments. These two kingdoms operate separately but God's truth guides both. Christians are called to serve in the civil realm by obeying laws and promoting justice, while also remaining faithful to God's spiritual kingdom through faith and worship. This distinction helps believers navigate their responsibilities without blending spiritual and political authority.