Lunar landing techniques

Lunar landing techniques involve carefully controlling a spacecraft's descent to safely reach the Moon’s surface. After entering lunar orbit, the spacecraft fires engines to slow down and descend gradually. Using onboard sensors, it monitors altitude, velocity, and surface terrain to adjust its path. The descent typically proceeds in stages: initial braking from orbit, approach, and then a controlled descent. When close to the surface, the lander switches to a soft-landing mode, using fine thrusters or legs to gently touch down, avoiding damage. Precision navigation and mission planning are essential to ensure safe and accurate lunar landings.