Ludwig Boltzmann (physicist)

Ludwig Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding how the microscopic particles in gases behave. He proposed that molecules are constantly moving and colliding, and his work linked this motion to the thermodynamic properties of substances, like temperature and entropy. His famous equation, the Boltzmann equation, describes how particles distribute themselves in energy. Boltzmann’s ideas helped establish statistical mechanics, explaining how the behavior of many particles results in the observable properties of matter and heat, bridging the gap between the microscopic world and macroscopic phenomena.