LSMs (Land Surface Models)

Land Surface Models (LSMs) are computer programs that simulate how the Earth's land surface interacts with the atmosphere. They account for processes like the exchange of heat, water, and carbon between soil, plants, and the air. LSMs help us understand climate patterns, weather forecasts, and how ecosystems respond to changes. They use data about land types, vegetation, and climate to predict things like soil moisture, plant growth, and surface temperatures, providing valuable insights for environmental management and scientific research.