Long-range interactions

Long-range interactions are forces that operate over significant distances between particles or objects, beyond immediate neighbors. Examples include gravity, which pulls celestial bodies together, and electromagnetic forces, like how magnets attract or repel over some space. These interactions diminish with distance but can still influence objects far apart. They play a vital role in phenomena such as planetary motions, atomic behavior, and chemical bonding, shaping the structure and dynamics of everything from the cosmos to microscopic systems.