Livonian Confederation

The Livonian Confederation (see—known as Livonia) was a loose alliance of Baltic and German territories in northeastern Europe from 1418 to 1561. It included the Livonian Order (a religious military group), various bishoprics, and some towns. The confederation was formed to defend against external threats like Russia and Poland-Lithuania, while allowing member states to maintain some independence. It functioned through cooperation among its members but lacked a central government. The confederation declined as powerful neighbors, especially Russia and Poland-Lithuania, increased their influence, leading to its eventual dissolution and incorporation into larger states.