Little o notation

Little o notation describes how a function behaves compared to another as the input grows large. Specifically, if we say f(n) = o(g(n)), it means that f(n) becomes insignificant relative to g(n) as n approaches infinity. In other words, f(n) grows much slower than g(n), and eventually, the ratio f(n)/g(n) approaches zero. This notation helps mathematicians and computer scientists understand and compare the long-term growth rates of functions, especially when analyzing algorithms or mathematical models, indicating that one process is negligible compared to the other for large inputs.