Liquid water theory

Liquid water theory describes how water molecules interact in the liquid state. Water molecules are made of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, forming a bent shape. In liquid water, these molecules are constantly moving and forming temporary hydrogen bonds—weak attractions—either sticking together or drifting apart. This dynamic bonding gives water its unique properties, like surface tension and the ability to dissolve many substances. Essentially, the theory explains how water’s molecular structure and interactions create its familiar, fluid form, enabling it to adapt and behave in ways that support life and environmental processes.