Liquid-Vapor Interface

The liquid-vapor interface is the boundary where a liquid and its vapor (gas form) meet. At this surface, molecules in the liquid are closely packed, while those in the vapor are spread apart. This interface is dynamic; molecules can evaporate from the liquid into the vapor or condense back into the liquid. The properties at this boundary influence phenomena like boiling, evaporation, and condensation, and are governed by factors such as temperature, pressure, and surface tension. Essentially, it’s the thin zone where the liquid turns into gas and vice versa, shaping many natural and industrial processes.