linear energy transfer (LET)

Linear energy transfer (LET) describes how much energy a radiation particle deposits into the material it passes through, like human tissue, per unit distance traveled. Higher LET means the particle delivers more energy over a shorter distance, causing more damage to cells. For example, alpha particles have high LET, making them highly damaging but limited in penetration. Conversely, gamma rays have low LET, spreading energy over longer distances with less localized damage. LET helps scientists understand the potential biological effects of different types of radiation, influencing safety measures and treatment strategies.