linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM)

Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) is a scientific approach that studies how and when cracks in materials grow under stress. It assumes materials behave elastically—meaning they deform but return to shape when the load is removed—and that cracks are small compared to the overall size. LEFM helps predict the conditions under which a crack will start to spread, leading to failure. This understanding allows engineers to design safer, more durable structures by analyzing stress concentrations and crack growth, ensuring materials can withstand forces without catastrophic failure.