Line Broadening Theory

Line Broadening Theory explains why spectral lines—specific colors emitted or absorbed by atoms—are not infinitely Sharp but spread out or broadened. Factors such as the atom’s interactions with nearby particles (pressure broadening), thermal motion (Doppler broadening), and quantum effects (natural broadening) cause this spread. The theory helps scientists interpret these broadened lines to understand the physical conditions—like temperature, pressure, and motion—in stars, gases, or other celestial bodies. Essentially, line broadening reveals details about the environment where the light originated, providing valuable insights into the properties of distant or atomic systems.