Lindemann

Lindemann refers to a mathematical theory introduced by German mathematician Hermann Lindemann in 1882, which proved that π (pi) is a transcendental number. This means that π cannot be the root of any non-zero polynomial equation with rational coefficients. Consequently, it implies that it's impossible to square the circle using just a compass and straightedge, a classical problem in geometry that seeks to construct a square with the same area as a given circle. Lindemann's work significantly advanced the understanding of numbers and their properties, influencing both mathematics and geometry.