light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

The light-independent reactions, also called the Calvin cycle, occur in plant cells after sunlight has provided energy. During these reactions, the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air and, using energy from the light-dependent reactions, converts it into glucose—a simple sugar that serves as food. This process involves a series of chemical steps where carbon atoms are assembled into larger molecules. The Calvin cycle doesn’t need light directly, but it relies on the energy provided by light-dependent reactions to power these transformations, ultimately helping plants grow and produce the food we consume.