light emission mechanisms

Light emission occurs when energy is released from atoms or molecules, often by electrons moving between energy levels. When an electron drops from a higher to a lower energy state, it releases that energy as a photon, which is a particle of light. This process happens in natural sources like the sun, where nuclear reactions produce energetic particles, and in artificial sources like bulbs, where electric current excites electrons. Different processes, such as incandescence, fluorescence, and phosphorescence, produce various types of light based on how energy is absorbed, stored, and released within materials.