ligand-receptor interactions

Ligand-receptor interactions occur when a specific molecule, called a ligand (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter), binds to a receptor protein on a cell’s surface or inside the cell. This binding is highly selective, like a key fitting into a lock, and it triggers a change in the cell’s activity—such as signaling pathways, gene expression, or other responses. These interactions are fundamental for communication between cells, helping regulate processes like growth, immune responses, and sensory perception. The strength and duration of the binding influence how the cell responds, making these interactions crucial for maintaining health and responding to changes.