Lev Kuleshov

Lev Kuleshov was a pioneering Soviet filmmaker and theorist who demonstrated how viewers interpret meaning through editing. He conducted experiments showing that when the same neutral expression of an actor is paired with different images—such as food or a coffin—people perceive distinct emotions or stories. This concept, known as the "Kuleshov Effect," highlights how editing shapes audience perception by creating connections between shots, influencing the way we understand and feel about scenes. His work laid foundational principles for film editing and storytelling, emphasizing that montage can powerfully influence emotional response and narrative meaning.