Lazarus and Folkman (magnum opus)

Lazarus and Folkman’s magnum opus, "Stress, Appraisal, and Coping," explores how people interpret and respond to stress. They propose that stress is not just about external events but depends on how individuals evaluate those events—whether they see them as threats, challenges, or manageable. The theory emphasizes two key processes: primary appraisal (assessing the significance of an event) and secondary appraisal (evaluating coping options). Based on these assessments, people engage in coping strategies to manage stress—either addressing the problem directly or reducing emotional distress. Their work provides a framework for understanding the psychological aspects of stress and resilience.