laws of black hole thermodynamics

Black hole thermodynamics describes how black holes behave like thermodynamic systems, obeying similar laws to everyday physics. The first law relates changes in a black hole’s mass, area, charge, and angular momentum, akin to energy conservation. The second law states that the total surface area of black hole event horizons never decreases, paralleling entropy increase—meaning disorder grows. The third law suggests it's impossible to reach absolute zero surface gravity, similar to cooling to zero temperature. Overall, these laws connect gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics, offering insights into the mysterious nature of black holes and fundamental physics.