Lawrence J. Peter (Peter Principle)

The Peter Principle states that in a hierarchical organization, employees are promoted based on their performance in their current role rather than their ability to perform in the higher position. As a result, eventually, they reach a level where they are no longer competent, leading to potential inefficiency. This cycle continues, causing organizations to be filled with employees who may excel at their previous jobs but are not suited for their new, more senior roles. Essentially, people tend to be promoted until they reach a point where they are no longer effective, highlighting a natural limitation in organizational advancement processes.