Latane and Darley’s model

Latane and Darley's model explains how people decide whether to help in an emergency. It suggests there are five steps: noticing the event, interpreting it as an emergency, feeling personal responsibility, deciding how to help, and actually helping. If someone fails at any step—like not noticing or thinking someone else will help—they're less likely to intervene. The model highlights that social factors, like the presence of others, can influence each step, often making individuals less likely to help in crowds, a phenomenon known as the "bystander effect."