language in non-human animals

Animal communication involves various signals—vocalizations, body language, scents—that convey specific information, such as warnings, mating readiness, or social bonds. Unlike human language, which is characterized by complex, symbolic, and recursive structures, animal signals are often limited to immediate contexts and lack the infinity of possible combinations. However, many animals demonstrate nuanced communication systems tailored to their environments and needs. These systems are essential for survival and social organization, showcasing a sophisticated awareness of their surroundings and conspecifics, even if they do not possess language in the human sense.