Langevin dynamics

Langevin dynamics is a way to model how particles, like molecules, move in a fluid environment. It combines two effects: the random kicks from collisions with surrounding particles (representing thermal noise) and the forces acting on the particle (like gravity or electric fields). The model accounts for both the unpredictable, jittery motion and the directed forces, helping scientists understand how particles behave in complex environments. This approach is useful in fields like physics, chemistry, and biology to simulate and study the behavior of microscopic systems realistically.