landfill capping

Landfill capping is the process of covering a closed or inactive landfill with layers of materials like clay, soil, and sometimes plastic to contain waste. This barrier prevents rainwater from seeping into the waste, which reduces the production of harmful leachate and minimizes leaching of contaminants into the environment. It also controls odors, pests, and wind-blown debris. A proper cap stabilizes the landfill, promotes gradual settling, and prepares it for future use or natural restoration. Overall, capping is an essential step to safely manage closed landfills and protect surrounding ecosystems.