Land Subsidence

Land subsidence is the gradual sinking or settling of Earth's surface caused by the removal of underground materials, such as water, oil, or minerals. When these resources are extracted, the support beneath the land decreases, leading the surface to compress or collapse. This process can damage infrastructure, alter waterways, and increase flood risk. Subsidence is often linked to activities like groundwater pumping or mining, and it can occur over years or decades, making it a significant environmental and engineering concern in vulnerable regions.