Kondo model

The Kondo model describes how magnetic impurities in a metal interact with the surrounding conduction electrons. When an atom with a magnetic moment is embedded in a metal, its magnetic influence causes the nearby electrons to align in a way that weakens the impurity's magnetism at low temperatures. This interaction leads to increased electrical resistance at low temperatures, which was initially puzzling. The model helps explain this phenomenon by showing that the impurity becomes "screened" by a cloud of electrons forming a complex, many-body state, altering the metal's conductive properties.