Kolkhoz (Collective farm)

A kolkhoz, or collective farm, was a form of agricultural organization used in the Soviet Union where land, tools, and resources were collectively owned by the state, and farmers worked together on these shared lands. Members received a portion of the produce based on their labor contribution, but the farm’s production and profits were controlled by the government. This system aimed to increase agricultural efficiency and ensure state control over food production, replacing private farms with a collective approach. It played a central role in Soviet agricultural policy, especially during the early-to-mid 20th century.