Kleene's strong logic

Kleene's strong logic is a formal system for reasoning that includes three possible truth states: true, false, and undefined (or indeterminate). Unlike traditional logic, which considers only true or false, Kleene's strong logic recognizes that some statements may be neither definitively true nor false, especially in situations with incomplete or uncertain information. This approach helps model complex real-world scenarios where facts may be unknown or in dispute, providing a more nuanced and flexible way to evaluate statements' validity within logical reasoning.