Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory

Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory explains how policy issues gain attention and become decisions. It suggests that three independent streams—problems, policies, and politics—must align for change to happen. The problem stream involves recognizing issues that need addressing; the policy stream includes available solutions created by experts; and the political stream encompasses public mood, political will, and leadership. When these streams come together, often aided by influential policy entrepreneurs, a 'window of opportunity' opens, making it possible to push new policies forward. This model helps us understand the complex, often unpredictable process of policy change.