King Philip II of Spain

King Philip II of Spain (1527-1598) was a key figure in European history, known for his significant role in the expansion of Spain's empire during the 16th century. He inherited vast territories, including Spain, Portugal, parts of Italy, and the Americas. His reign was marked by the strengthening of Spanish Catholicism and conflict with Protestant nations, most notably leading to the Spanish Armada's failed attempt to invade England in 1588. Philip II's centralization of power and ambitious policies contributed to both Spain's golden age and its eventual decline, illustrating the complexities of monarchy and empire-building.