Khedive of Egypt

The Khedive of Egypt was the title used for the ruler of Egypt and Sudan during the 19th and early 20th centuries, under Ottoman suzerainty but with considerable autonomy. The title, meaning "Viceroy," signified their role as the Ottoman Empire’s representative, overseeing local governance while implementing modernization efforts. Notable Khedives include Muhammad Ali and his descendants, who expanded Egypt’s infrastructure and military. The role ended when Egypt became a British protectorate in 1882, and the Khedive title was replaced by the title of Sultan and later King. The Khedivate marked a period of significant political and social transformation in Egypt’s history.