kennings

Kennings are a literary device from ancient poetry, especially Norse and Old English, where a descriptive phrase replaces a simple noun. They function like metaphorical synonyms, often combining two words to create a vivid image—such as “whale-road” for sea or “battle-sweat” for blood. Kennings add richness and imagery, encouraging readers to think creatively and interpret layered meanings. They are characteristic of poetic styles that favor compact, evocative language, and often reflect cultural values or natural elements relevant to the society that used them.