Kelvin probe method

The Kelvin probe method measures the electrical work needed to move electrons between a metal surface and a nearby probe without contact. It involves a metal sample and a vibrating, conductive tip positioned close to it. By detecting changes in electrical voltage caused by differences in surface potential, the technique determines the sample’s work function—how easily it releases electrons. This information helps analyze surface properties, contamination, or thin film coatings, providing insights useful in materials science, electronics, and surface chemistry. The process is non-destructive and highly sensitive, offering precise surface electrical measurements.