Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals

Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals explores how ethical principles are grounded in reason itself. He argues that true morality is based on acting according to categories of universal principles—what we call the "categorical imperative"—which we give ourselves through rational will. This means moral actions are those we can endorse universally, not just personal preferences or consequences. Kant emphasizes that moral worth comes from acting out of duty, guided by reason, rather than emotions or self-interest. Overall, the work seeks to establish a rational foundation for ethical behavior that applies universally to all rational beings.