KamLAND (Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector)

KamLAND is a large underground detector in Japan that studies antineutrinos—subatomic particles emitted by nuclear reactors and natural sources in the Earth. It uses a liquid scintillator that produces tiny flashes of light when antineutrinos interact with it. By analyzing these signals, scientists can learn about the properties of neutrinos, their behavior over long distances, and even gain insights into the Earth's interior and fundamental physics. KamLAND helps us understand how neutrinos change types ("oscillate") and explores the basic building blocks and forces of the universe.