K-d Trees

A K-d Tree is a spatial data structure that helps organize points in multi-dimensional space, making it easier and faster to search for nearby points. It works by repeatedly splitting the data along different dimensions (like x, y, z) to create a tree-like structure. Each node divides the data into two groups based on a cutting value, allowing quick querying of closest points or ranges. Think of it as a way to systematically narrow down search areas, similar to how a librarian quickly finds books in a categorized system. This structure is especially useful in fields like computer graphics, robotics, and geographic information systems.