Joseph Black

Joseph Black was a Scottish chemist and physicist in the 18th century who made important discoveries about heat and gases. He is best known for identifying "latent heat," the energy required to change a substance’s state without changing its temperature, and for discovering carbon dioxide, which he called "fixed air." Black's work helped deepen understanding of chemical reactions and the behavior of gases, laying groundwork for modern thermodynamics and chemistry. His scientific methods and insights greatly contributed to the development of these fields.