Jones calculus

Jones calculus is a mathematical method used in optics to describe how polarized light interacts with optical devices like polarizers and wave plates. It uses 2×2 matrices (called Jones matrices) to represent the effect of these devices on the light's electric field, which has two components: horizontal and vertical polarization. By multiplying these matrices with the initial light's polarization vector, you can predict the resulting polarization state after passing through the devices. This approach simplifies analyzing complex optical systems and understanding how various components alter the polarization of light.