Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) Theory

The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory describes how materials transform from one phase to another—like how a crystal grows during solidification or a new phase forms during heat treatment. It provides a mathematical way to predict the fraction of the material that has transformed over time, considering factors like the rate of transformation, nucleation (initial formation points), and growth of new regions. Essentially, it helps scientists understand and model the kinetics of phase changes in materials, enabling better control of processes to achieve desired material properties.