John R. Commons (economist)

John R. Commons was a pioneering American economist and social reformer known for his work on labor, government regulation, and institutional economics. He emphasized the importance of understanding the role of social institutions—like laws and organizations—in shaping economic behavior. Commons believed that cooperation between workers, employers, and government was essential for economic progress and fairness. His ideas helped develop policies for labor rights, social insurance, and economic regulation, influencing how societies manage economic disparities and ensure social welfare. Overall, he contributed to shaping a more balanced and socially conscious approach to economics and public policy.