John Horton Conway (Game of Life)

John Horton Conway's Game of Life is a cellular automaton where a grid of cells evolves over time based on simple rules. Each cell is either alive or dead. At each step, a cell’s state depends on the number of live neighbors: a live cell with two or three neighbors stays alive, while a dead cell with exactly three neighbors becomes alive. These rules create complex patterns from simple beginnings, illustrating how simple interactions can lead to unpredictable, emergent behavior—an example of how complexity arises from simplicity in systems.