John Doe (legal concept)

A "John Doe" is a placeholder name used in legal contexts when the true identity of a person involved in a case is unknown, confidential, or intentionally concealed. It allows courts and lawyers to refer to an individual without revealing their real name, often in cases of anonymity, such as sensitive investigations or protecting privacy. When the person's identity is later discovered, the actual name replaces "John Doe." Similar terms include "Jane Doe" for females. This practice helps facilitate legal proceedings while maintaining confidentiality when necessary.