John Clausius

Johann (Johannes) Clausius was a 19th-century German physicist who made significant contributions to thermodynamics, the study of energy and heat. He is best known for formulating the second law of thermodynamics, which states that in an isolated system, entropy (disorder) tends to increase over time. This concept helps explain why processes like the melting of ice or engine inefficiencies occur naturally. Clausius also introduced the concept of entropy as a measurable quantity, helping scientists understand the direction of energy flow and the limits of energy conversion in physical systems.