Johann Spurzheim

Johann Spurzheim was a 19th-century neurologist and a key figure in developing phrenology, the idea that different areas of the brain correspond to specific personality traits. Building on Franz Joseph Gall’s work, Spurzheim believed that studying the bumps on the skull could reveal a person's character and abilities. He promoted the idea that the brain is made up of multiple specialized parts, each responsible for different functions. Though phrenology is now discredited scientifically, Spurzheim’s work helped advance the understanding of brain localization and encouraged further neurological research.