Jewish migration patterns

Jewish migration patterns have historically been shaped by social, economic, and political factors. From ancient Israel, Jews dispersed across the Middle East, Europe, and North Africa due to conquests and exile. In the Middle Ages, they moved within European countries seeking safety and opportunity. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many migrated to North America and other regions due to persecution and economic hardship. The Holocaust prompted a significant exodus to Israel and other countries. Since the founding of Israel in 1948, Jewish migration has focused on immigration to Israel, alongside continued migration to Western countries for opportunities and safety.