Java Memory Model

The Java Memory Model (JMM) defines how Java programs interact with memory, ensuring that multiple threads coordinate correctly. It specifies how variables are read and written by threads, what operations are atomic, and how changes become visible across threads. Think of memory as a shared workspace: JMM sets rules so that when one thread updates data, other threads see consistent and predictable results, preventing errors like seeing outdated or partial data. This model guides developers on writing thread-safe programs and helps the Java runtime optimize performance while maintaining correctness.