James IV of Scotland

James IV of Scotland (1473–1513) was a well-educated and charismatic king who ruled Scotland from 1488 until his death. He worked to strengthen the economy, modernize the country's institutions, and foster closer ties with other nations through diplomacy and marriage alliances. A patron of the arts and education, he encouraged cultural growth. His reign was marked by relative peace and prosperity, but he also faced military challenges. James IV died at the Battle of Flodden, fighting against England, leaving his young son James V as king. His rule is often seen as a period of significant progress for Scotland.