James Hutton's Theory of Geology

James Hutton's Theory of Geology proposed that Earth's features are shaped by ongoing natural processes over vast periods. He introduced the idea of uniformitarianism, meaning that the same geological forces—like erosion, sedimentation, and volcanic activity—have operated consistently throughout Earth's history. This suggests Earth's landscape is continuously changing through slow, observable processes, rather than through sudden, catastrophic events. Hutton's work laid the foundation for understanding Earth's deep time, emphasizing that geological change is gradual and ongoing, allowing us to see Earth's history written in rocks and landforms.