James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender)

James Francis Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II of England and Ireland (James VII of Scotland). He was a Catholic who claimed the British throne after his father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Though he never ruled, he led several efforts to restore his family’s monarchy, notably during the Jacobite uprisings in the early 18th century. His reign was prevented by political opposition and military defeat, and he remained a symbolic figure for supporters who wished to restore the Stuart dynasty to the throne of Great Britain.